Dr. Tobechukwu C. Iwuji

Dr. Tobechukwu Chijioke Iwuji

Lecturer I

B. Agric. Tech. (FUTO), M.Sc., Ph.D. (MOUAU)
Emailtobechukwu.iwuji@futo.edu.ng

Biography

Dr Tobechukwu Chijioke Iwuji is the fourth child and second son of Mr and Mrs John Iwuji. The family is a Christian family. Dr Tobechukwu Iwuji attended primary and secondary schools before Proceeding for his university education, which he pursued with zeal till he obtained his Doctoral Degree (Animal Physiology) in 2016 from Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State.  He has always loved Teaching and Research; and has published numerous articles. He loves the Philosophy of doing things the right way and is quite enthusiastic to offer help and in tutoring younger ones to always follow the right way of doing things. He also believes that man will continue to learn until the day he goes back to his creator.

 
 

Academic Qualification

Year/DurationInstitutions AttendedQualifications, Grades and Discipline
2012 – 2017Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Animal Physiology
2007 – 2011Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.Master of Science (M.Sc.)
Animal Physiology
 1996 – 2002Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.Bachelor of Agricultural Technology (B. Agric. Tech.) Second Class Honours (Upper Division) Animal Science and Technology.
1988 – 1994Holy Ghost College, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.Senior School Certificate
1982 – 1988Central School I Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.First School Leaving Certificate (F.S.L.C.)

Membership of professional bodies

S/NOrganisationStatus.
1Nigeria Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) (Est. Act No. 26 May 28, 2007Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria)Registered Animal Scientist (RAS 1106)
2Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP).Member
3Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN).Member
4American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)Member (60027123)

Teaching Assignment

S/NCourse CodeCourse Title
Undergraduate Courses (Bachelor of Agricultural Technology)
1AST 201Principles of Animal Production I
2AST 202Principles of Animal Production II
3AGR 203Introduction to Agriculture
4AST 304Elements of Animal Production
5AST 405Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals
6AST 407Reproductive Physiology and Endocrinology of farm Animals
7AGR 501Farm Practice VI
8AST 507Sheep and Goat Production
9AST 504Cattle and Equine Production
Postgraduate (PGD)
10AST 705Animal Health I
11AST 709Livestock Anatomy and Physiology
12AST 708Animal Reproduction
Postgraduate (MSc.)
13AST 805Endocrinology
14AST 807Advanced Reproductive Physiology
15AST 806Advanced Vertebrate Physiology
Postgraduate (PhD)
16AST 910Recent Advances in Reproductive Physiology

Experience

Year/DurationOrganizationRank/Designation
2002 –  2003National Youth Service Corp farm, Obiakpor, River State, Nigeria.Farm Superintendent. (Corp member).
2004 –  2007TIMASY Business Links (Cyber Café)Customer Support Officer
2009 –  2010Netpro Technology Solutions, Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Ohaji, Imo State, Nigeria.Client Services Manager
2010 – 2011Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Imo State, Nigeria.Livestock Officer II
2011 –  2014Federal University of Technology, Owerri, NigeriaAssistant Lecturer
2014 – 2017Federal University of Technology, Owerri, NigeriaLecturer II
2017 till dateFederal University of Technology, Owerri, NigeriaLecturer I

Research Interest

  • Roles of botanicals and natural approaches inefficient Animal Production strategies under adverse climatic changes.
  • Identification and characterization of pathogenic microorganisms of importance in Animal Physiology.
  • Biotechnology applications in Animal Physiology.

Publications

  1. Esonu, B. O., Iheukwumere, F. C., Iwuji, T. C., Akanu, N. and Nwugo, O. H. (2003). Evaluation of Microdesmis puberula leaf meal as a feed ingredient in broiler starter diets. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production Volume 30 (1): 3 – 8. Publisher: Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Nigeria.
  2. Esonu, B. O; Azubuike, J. C; Udedibie, A. B. I; Emenalom, O. O; Iwuji, T. C and Odoemenam, V. (2011). Evaluation of the Nutritive value of Mixture of Fermented Bovine Blood and Rumen Digesta for  Broiler Finisher. Journal of Natural Sciences Research. ISSN 2224 – 3186 (Paper). ISSN 2225 – 0921 (Online). Volume 1 Number 4. Publisher: International Institute for Science, Technology and Education, USA.
  3. Iwuji, T. C. and Herbert, U. (2012). Semen characteristics and libido of rabbit bucks fed diets containing Garcinia kola seed meal. Rabbit Genetics Vol. 2 (1):10 14. http://www.rg.bioflux.com.ro/Publisher: Bioflux (Bioflux SRL), Romania.
  4. Iwuji, T. C. and Herbert, U., (2012). Haematological and serum biochemical characteristics of rabbit bucks fed diets containing Garcinia kola seed meal. Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research. Vol. 2 (8): 299 – 305. ISSN: 2276 – 6723. Publisher: Science & Education Development Institute International, Nigeria.
  5. Iwuji, T. C. and Herbert, U. (2012). Evaluation of the growth-promoting effect of Garcinia kola seed in growing rabbits. Journal of Global Biosciences. Vol. 1, pp. 1-4. ISSN: 2320 – 1355. http://www.mutagens.co.inPublisher: www.mutagens.co.in, India.
  6. Opara, M. N., Ogbuewu, I. P., Iwuji, T. C., Njoku, L., Ihesie, E. K. and Etuk, I. F. (2012). Blood characteristics, microbial and gastrointestinal parasites of street pigeons (Columba Livia) in Owerri Imo State, Nigeria. Scientific Journal of Animal Science (2012) 1(1) 14-21. Publisher: Journals (Scientific Journals), Iran.
  7. Ogbuewu, I. P., Enumaibe, C., Kadurumba, O. E., Iwuji, T.C., Ogundu, U. E., Etuk, I. F., Opara, M. N., Okoli, I. C. and Iloeje, M. U. (2012). Effects of dietary addition of toasted soybean seed meal on libido, semen quality and testis histology of rabbit bucks. Scientific Journal of Medical Science (2012) 1(1) 7-12. Publisher: Journals (Scientific Journals), Iran.
  8. Opara M. N., Iwuji T. C., Igwe I. N., Etuk I. F. and Maxwell J. A. (2012). Haematological and Biochemical Responses of Adult Rabbits to Aqueous Extract of Ocimum gratissimum Leaves. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Advances. Vol. 2(9): 301-306. ISSN: 2251 – 7693. Publisher: Global Researchers Journal, India.
  9. Opara, M. N., Iwuji, T. C., Mbah, G. U., Etuk, I. F., Ogbuewu, I. P., Olaifa, A. K and Okoli, I. C. (2012). Haematological and biochemical responses of rabbits to aqueous extracts of Gmelina arborea leaves. Rabbit Genetics Vol. 2 (1): 5 – 9. http://www.rg.bioflux.com.ro/Publisher: Bioflux (Bioflux SRL), Romania.
  10. Esonu, B.O; Azubuike, J.C; Udedibie, A.B.I; Opara, M. N and Iwuji, T. C. (2012). Physiological evaluation of broiler finishers fed fermented bovine blood and rumen digesta meal. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, Vol. 39 (II): 107 – 113. Publisher: Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Nigeria.
  11. Esonu, B. O; Azubuike, J. C; Udedibie, A. B. I; Iloeje, M. U and Iwuji, T. C. (2012). Performance and economic analysis of broiler chicks fed a mixture of fermented bovine blood and rumen digesta. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development (IJARD). Volume 15 (1): 927 – 931. Publisher: School of Agriculture & Agricultural Technology, FUTO., Nigeria.
  12. Ogbuewu, I. P., Iwuji, T. C. Kadurumba, O. E., Omede, A. A, Unamba-Opara, I. C., Aladi, N. O., Etuk, I. F. and Etuk, E. B. (2012). Manipulation and reconstruction of atoms and molecules: A new Technology tool kit in Animal Agriculture. Advances in Agriculture, Science and Engineering Research. Volume 2(4) April: 131 – 138. ISSN: 2276 – 6723. Publisher: Science & Education Development Institute International, Nigeria.
  13. Iwuji, T.C., Okoli, I. C., Ogbuewu, I. P., Etuk, I. F., Opara, M. N and Ugwu, C. C. (2013). Particle size effect on the bulk density of selected commercial broiler starter feed produces in Nigeria. Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research. Vol. 3 (8): 1045 – 1049. ISSN: 2276 – 6723. Publisher: Science & Education Development Institute International, Nigeria.
  14. Okoli, I. C., Faith Abakpolor, Iwuji, T. C., Omede, A. A., Okoro, V. O.  and Ezema, C. (2013). Evaluation of moisture content and particle size distribution of some commercial poultry feeds produced in Nigeria. IJBSAT. 5 (1): 1 – 8. ISSN: 0975 – 4539. Publisher: International Journal of Biosciences, Agriculture and Technology, India.
  15. Odoemelam, V. U., Etuk, I. F., Ndelekwute, E. K., Iwuji, T. C. and Ekwe, C. C. (2013). Herbs and spices: Options for Sustainable Animal Production. Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health care. Vol. 3 (7): 116 – 123. ISSN: 2224 – 3208. Publisher: International Institute of Science, Technology and Education, USA.
  16. Esonu, B. O., Azubuike, J. C., Udedibie, A. B. I., Iwuji, T. C., Etuk, E. B. and Anyanwu, G. A. (2013). Evaluation of Fermented Bovine Blood and Rumen Digesta Meal for Laying Birds. Nig. Agric. J., Vol. 44 (1 & 2): 56 – 63. ISSN: 0300 – 368X. Publisher: The Agricultural Society of Nigeria, Nigeria.
  17. Ogbuewu, I.P., Enumaibe,  C., Kadurumba, O. E., Iwuji, T. C., Ogundu, U. E., Etuk, I. F. and Opara, M. N. (2013). Sexual libido, testicular histology and sperm physiology of rabbit bucks fed diets supplemented with toasted soybean seed meal. J. Agric. Tech. 9 (1): 21 – 28. Publisher: DPM Art and Print Co., Ltd., Thailand.
  18. Ezea, J., Iwuji, T. C. and Oguike, M. A. (2014). Growth responses of pregnant rabbits and their litters fed Spreading day flower (Commelina diffusa burm. F.) and Rock fig (Ficus ingens miquel) leaves. Journal of Global Biosciences. Vol 3(2): 619 – 625. ISSN: 2320 – 1355. Publisher: www.mutagens.co.in, India.
  19. Iwuji, T. C., Akinmutimi, A. H., Ogbuewu, I. P., Etuk, I. F. and Odoemelam, V. U. (2014). Roles of tryptophan in monogastric nutrition: A review. Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research. Vol. 4 (3): 1544 – 1556. ISSN: 2276 – 6723. Publisher: Science & Education Development Institute International, Nigeria.
  20. Ezea, J., Iwuji, T. C. and Oguike, M. A. (2014). Comparative chemical analysis of Spreading day flower (Commelina diffusa Burn F.), Rock fig (Ficus ingens Miquel) and selected mixed forage used in rabbit feeding. Advances in Agriculture, Sciences and Engineering Research. Vol 4 (4): 1601 – 1607. ISSN: 2276 – 6723. Publisher: Science & Education Development Institute International, Nigeria.
  21. Etuk, I. F., Ogbuewu, I. P., Okoli, I. C., Etuk, E. B., Iwuji, T. C., Obikaonu, H. O., Opara, M. N. and Odoemelam, V. U. (2014). Quality of different water sources used in Poultry and Piggery farms in Southeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development (IJARD). Vol. 17 (2): 1847 – 1852. ISSN: 1595 – 9716. Publisher: School of Agriculture & Agricultural Technology, FUTO., Nigeria.
  22. Ogbuewu, I. P., Iwuji, T. C., Etuk, I. F., Ezeokeke, C. T., Okoli, I. C. and Iloeje, M. U. (2014). Responses of pubertal rabbits to dietary supplementation of ginger (Zingiber officinale rosc) rhizome powder. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, Vol. 41(2): 53 – 60. ISSN: 0331 – 2064. Publisher: Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Nigeria.
  23. Ezea, J., Iwuji, T. C. and Oguike, M. A. (2015). Lactogenic and reproductive potentials of Spreading day flower (Commelina diffusa Burm. F) and Rock fig (Ficus ingens Miq.) in rabbit does. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research. Vol. 3 (2): 590 – 597. Publisher: World Science and Research Publishing, Iran.
  24. Etuk, I. F., Iwuji, T. C., Ogbuewu, I. P., Okoli, I. C., Okujere, P. and Okoro, V. M. O. (2015). Growth performance and carcass parameters of broiler birds administered water from four different sources in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research. Vol. 3 (2): 598 – 602. Publisher: World Science and Research Publishing, Iran.
  25. Iwuji, T. C., Ukwuoma, M. C., Ogbuewu, I. P., Etuk, I. F., Ahaiwe, E. U., Egenuka, F. C. and Okere, P. C. (2016). Evaluation of growth performance, carcass and organ weights of broiler finisher birds administered aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola seeds. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. Vol. 43 (1): 121 – 128. Publisher: Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Nigeria.
  26. Ahaiwe, E. U., Emenalom, O. O., Etuk, E. B., Okehie, N. U., Iwuji, T. C. and Odoemelam, V. U. (2016). Chemical composition and nutritional value of boiled Christmas bush fruit (Alchornea cordifolia) meal fed to starter broiler chickens. Nig. J. Anim. Prod. Vol. 42 (2): 80 – 87. Publisher: Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Nigeria.
  27. Etuk, I. F., Ogbuewu, I. P., Iwuji, T. C., Okoli, I. C., Aladi, N. O., Williams, E. and Unamba-Opara, I. C. (2016). Physiological responses of broilers drinking water from different sources in Eastern Nigeria. IJARD. Vol. 19 (1): 2422 – 2426. Publisher: School of Agriculture & Agricultural Technology, FUTO, Nigeria.
  28. Iwuji, T. C., Obiejezie, N. R., Ogbuewu, I. P., Etuk, I. F., Ahiwe, E. U., Kadurumba, O. E. and Ezea, J. (2016). Reproductive and Haemato-Biochemical influence of aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera leaves on adult New Zealand Rabbit Bucks. International Journal of Life Sciences and Technology. Vol. 9 (9): 74 – 80. Publisher: A. Prabhu Britto, Editor and Publisher
  29. Iwuji, T. C., Nwapi, D. O., Ogbuewu, I. P., Kadurumba, E. O., Egenuka, F. C. and Okere, P. C. (2017). Management, Blood and Reproductive Parameters of Rabbits reared in Imo State. Nig. J. of Anim. Prod. Vol. 44 (2): 248 – 256. Publisher: Nigerian Society for Animal Production, Nigeria.
  30. Ogbuewu, I. P., Jiwuba, P. D., Iwuji, T. C., Okoro, V. M. O., Mbajiorgu, C. A. and Okoli, I. C. (2017). Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf and Kernel and their effects on production and physiology of poultry: a review. Comp. Clin. Pathol. Vol. 26 (2): 299 – 307. Publisher: Springer, UK.
  31. Etuk, I. F., Anyanwu, O. G., Ogbuewu, I. P., Iwuji, T. C., Etuk, E. B. and Okoli, I. C (2017). Organs parameters and serum biochemistry of broilers given drinking water from different sources. IJARD. Vol. 20 (2): 3185 – 3190. Publisher: School of Agriculture & Agricultural Technology, FUTO, Nigeria.
  32. Iwuji, T. C., Herbert, U., Oguike, M. A. and Etuk, I. F. (2017). Effect of Oral Administration of Panax Ginseng Extracts on Organ Weight, Histology and Bone Characteristics of Rabbit Bucks. FUTO Journal Series. Vol. 3 (2): 43 – 53. Publisher: Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
  33. Iwuji, T. C., Ibedilo, C. Stella, Ekpo, K. O. and Etuk, I. F. (2018). Internal organ characteristics of broiler birds drinking chilled water under high ambient temperature. IJARD. Vol. 21(1): 3515 – 3522. Publisher: School of Agriculture & Agricultural Technology, FUTO, Nigeria.
  34. Iwuji, T. C., Herbert, U., Oguike, M. A. and Ogbuewu, I. P. (2018). Haematology and serum biochemistry of growing New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits administered Panax ginseng extracts. Comp Clin Pathol. 27 (6): 1691 – 1697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2795-1Publisher: Springer, London.
  35. Iwuji, T. C., Herbert, U. and Oguike, M. A. (2018). Effect of Panax ginseng extracts on haematology and serum biochemistry of adult New Zealand White rabbit bucks. Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 6 (4): 1 – 8. Publisher: World Science and Research Publishing, Iran.
  36. Iwuji, T. C., Herbert, U. and Oguike, M. A. (2019). Growth Performance of New Zealand White Rabbits Administered Panax ginseng Extracts. Notulae Scientia Biologicae11(4), 373-378. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb11410405.

Conference proceedings

  1. Okoli, I. C., Nwaodu, C. H., Odoemelam, V. U., Uchegbu, M. C., Ogbuewu, I. P., Iwuji, T. C. and Kalla, D. J. U. (2013). Reproductive Management of Turkeys Among Small-Holder Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Developing Countries. Pp. 158 – 159.
  2. Etuk, I. F., Ogbuewu, I. P., Iwuji, T. C. and Okoli, I. C. (2013). Haematology of Broilers Given Water from Four Different Sources in Eastern Nigeria. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Developing Countries. Pp. 356 – 357.
  3. Okoli, I. C., Iroh, K., Nwabueze, U., Nwogu, C. M., Etuk, I. F. and Iwuji, T. C. (2013). Amino Acid Profiles of Commercial Broiler Rations Produced in Nigeria. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Animal Agriculture for Developing Countries. Pp. 385 – 386.
  4. Ogbuewu, I. P., Jiwuba, P. C., Iwuji, T. C., Etuk, I. F., Odoemelam, V. U. and Okoli, I. C. (2014). Deep litter and cage housing systems: Effect on blood profile of female Japanese quails. Proc. 39th Conf., Nig. Soc. for Anim. Prod. Pp 586 – 590.
  5. Kadurumba, O. E., Okoro, V. M. O., Ogundu, U. E., Iwuji, T. C., Unamba-oparah, I. C., Ogbuewu, I. P., Ozuo, U. K. and Agu, C. I. (2015). Morphometric measurements of the naked Neck, Frizzle and Normal chickens of Nigeria. Proc. 38th Conf., Genetic Society of Nig. Pp 35 – 37.
  6. Iwuji, T. C., Ukwuoma, M. C., Ogbuewu, I. P., Etuk, I. F., Ahaiwe, E. U., Egenuka, F. C. and Okere, P. C. (2016). Haematology and serum biochemical parameters of finisher broiler birds administered aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola seeds. Proc. 41st Conf. Nig. Soc. Anim. Prod. Pp 271 – 274.
  7. Ahiwe, E. U., Emenalom, O. O., Etuk, E. B., Iwuji, T. C., Egenuka, F. C., Okere, P. C. and Odoemelam, V. U. (2016). Effect of wet fermented cassava peel meal fortified with palm oil sludge on the performance and organ development of broilers. XXV World Poultry Congress. S1 – 0013 pp. 5. Beijing, China, 5 – 9 September 2016.
  8. Ogbuewu, I. P., Nwogu, C. and Iwuji, T. C. (2017). A meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Yeast in Improving Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society of Animal Production. Omu-Aran, Kwara State, 26 – 30th March 2017. Pp. 72 – 75.
  9. Ogbuewu, I. P., Uyalor, C. H., Iwuji, T. C., Etuk, E. B. and Emenalom, O. O. (2017). Responses of Nigerian Local Cockerels to Dietary Vitamin A Supplementation. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society of Animal Production. Omu-Aran, Kwara State, 26 – 30th March 2017. Pp. 407 – 410.
  10. Iwuji, T. C., Herbert, U., Ogbuewu, I. P. and Etuk, I. F. (2017). Serum levels of selected hormones in adult New Zealand White rabbit bucks administered Panax ginseng extracts. Proceedings of 6th ASAN-NIAS Joint Annual Conference, Abuja, 10th – 14th September 2017. Pp 130 – 133.
  11. Kadurumba, O. E., Jiwuba, P. C., Iwuji, T. C., Egenuka, F. C., Okata, U. E., Ozuo, U. K., Agu, E. C. and Iloeje, M. U. (2018). Morphological Variations among Indigenous Sheep Populations of Anambra State Nigeria. 43rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 18th – 22nd 2018, FUT Owerri, Pp.86 – 88.
  12. Ogbuewu, I. P., Nwaele, A. and Iwuji, T. C. (2018). Effects of Onions-Ginger Mix Supplementation on Motility of Local Breeder Cock Spermatozoa. 43rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 18th – 22nd 2018, FUT Owerri, Pp.130 – 133.
  13. Etuk, I. F., Aboh, P. C. and Iwuji, T. C. (2018). Assessment of Contaminants of Poultry Drinking Water in Eastern Nigeria. 43rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, March 18th – 22nd 2018, FUT Owerri, Pp 146 – 147.
  14. Iwuji, T. C., Herbert, U and Oguike, M. A. (2018). Effect of Panax Ginseng Extracts on Milk Yield of New Zealand White Rabbits. 43rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), March 18th – 22nd 2018, FUT Owerri, Pp. 152 – 154.
  15. Egenuka, F. C., Ndubuisi, N. A., Iwuji, T. C., Okere, P. C. and Okeudo, N. J. (2018).Effects of High Dietary Levels of Palm Kernel Cake on Performance and Cost of Production of Starter Broilers. 43rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), March 18th – 22nd 2018, FUT Owerri, Pp.403 – 405.
  16. Egenuka, F. C., Obu, U. L., Kadurumba, O. E. and Iwuji, T. C. (2018). Effects of Increasing Blood Meal and Reducing Synthetic Lysine in the Diet on Performance of Layers. 43rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), March 18th – 22nd 2018, FUT Owerri, Pp. 550 – 553.
  17. Okere, P. C., Odoemelam, V. U., Ahiwe, E. U., Iwuji, T. C., Ikpamezie, L. C. and Udedibie, A. B. I. (2018). Effects of Nutrient-Restriction at the Starter Phase on Growth Performance of Broilers at the Finisher Phase. 43rd Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), March 18th – 22nd 2018, FUT Owerri, Pp.1162 – 1165.
  18. Iwuji, T. C., Uzor, V. C., Kadurumba, O. E., Okere, P. C. and Egenuka, F. C. (2019). Reproductive characteristics of adult rabbit bucks fed diets containing Dialium guineense leaf meal. 8th Animal Science Association of Nigeria (ASAN) and Nigeria Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) joint conference, Abia State, Nigeria. 8 – 12 September, Pp. 371 – 374.